TABLE OF CONTENTS HA-2/E DBFO - Value in Road Foreword 1.Executive Summary 1.1Introduction 1.2History and Objectives of DBFO Projects 1.3Previous Method of Procurement 1.4Key Messages 2.The DBFO Contract 2.1Overview 2.2Payment Mechanisms 2.3Service Specification 2.4Penalty Points and Monitoring 2.5Change Procedure 2.6Termination of the DBFO Contract and Step-in Rights 2.7Expiry of Term 2.8Bidder's Structural and Financing Issues 2.9Contract Structure 3. Risk Transfer and Value for Money 3.1 Public Sector Comparator 3.2 Risk Allocation 3.3 Discussion of Specific Risks 3.4 Other Risks 3.5 Pricing of Risk 3.6 Accounting Process 4. The process 4.1 Project Approval 4.2 Timetable 4.3 Project Management 4.4 The Procurement Route 4.5 Bidder Selection Procedure 4.6 Invitation to Tender 4.7 Negotiations and Due Diligence 4.8 Communication 5. Learning Points 5.1 Payment Structures 5.2 Opportunities for Innovation 5.3 Output Specification 5.4 Evaluation 5.5 Enforcement 5.6 Funder Involvement 6. Impact on Operator Market